Desertion of Cameroonian Soldiers to Fight in Ukraine Signals Military Concerns

The desertion of Cameroonian soldiers to fight in Ukraine has intensified since the Russian invasion, exacerbating existing security issues. Defence Minister Joseph Beti Assomo noted that while some soldiers join as foreign volunteers, most align with Russia. The professionalization of the military has altered soldiers’ motivations, leading to increased desertions driven by financial incentives and demanding working conditions.

The desertion of Cameroonian soldiers to participate in the ongoing conflict in Ukraine presents a significant challenge for the operational integrity of the nation’s military, amid existing security threats from groups like Boko Haram and the Central African Republic rebels. A statement released on March 7 by Defence Minister Joseph Beti Assomo addressed this issue, noting that while some deserters are foreign volunteers, the majority are soldiers aligned with Russia. This trend is not new but has intensified since the onset of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia.

Desertions began gaining momentum in the late 2010s, with enticing offers leading many elite soldiers to leave Cameroon for opportunities in Dubai. Reports indicated that between 300 and 800 soldiers deserted by 2018, with the situation worsening by 2020 when 637 soldiers faced dismissal for similar reasons. The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has created further incentives for soldiers seeking better remuneration and conditions.

Recent patterns of desertion indicate that soldiers are leaving their posts to join an active conflict in Ukraine. Recruiters leveraging local networks have successfully attracted substantial numbers of Cameroonian troops, who reportedly earn monthly salaries between XAF 1.2 million ($1,976) and XAF 2 million ($3,294). These compensation rates align with military intelligence reports indicating bonus payments and benefits, including life insurance for families of fallen soldiers.

The phenomenon of desertion stems partly from the professionalization of the Cameroonian military, initiated by reforms in 2001. This transition has led soldiers to perceive their military role more as a livelihood rather than a patriotic duty, fundamentally altering the military’s composition in terms of skilled personnel. Contracts are typically three years for enlisted soldiers, but many remain unaware of the terms governing their re-enlistment.

In addition to financial motivation, soldiers face increasing workloads and elevated risks in their military roles, prompting some to reconsider their commitments. Desertions have become emblematic of a broader exodus affecting various sectors, including healthcare and education, creating substantial concern for authorities.

With growing recruitment challenges, the operational efficacy of the Cameroonian army is jeopardized following these mass departures, as unit coherence and expertise are significantly weakened. Worsening desertion rates raise alarms, particularly concerning personnel who may acquire combat skills in foreign conflicts that could later be directed against national interests.

To combat this growing issue, Minister Assomo has advocated for more stringent oversight of military personnel, including tougher disciplinary actions for deserters. Regulations have been adjusted, requiring soldiers to obtain ministerial authorization prior to leaving the country, a measure aimed at curbing further desertion.

To promote loyalty and retain essential personnel, it is vital for the army to improve soldier welfare and facilitate career transitions, while also addressing challenging conditions on various operational fronts. Furthermore, enhancing compensation packages remains paramount to ensure that military salaries are competitive, thereby reducing financial motivations behind desertions. Improving soldiers’ benefits, as highlighted in the recent presidential announcements about military welfare, could also play a significant role in stemming the tide of desertions.

The ongoing desertions of Cameroonian soldiers to the Ukraine conflict pose an increasing threat to the military’s operational capacity. The trend underscores the need for the Cameroonian government to implement comprehensive measures that address underlying issues such as military welfare and career transition support, while also enhancing strict regulations to mitigate desertion rates. Ensuring competitive salaries and improving working conditions are critical to maintaining troop morale and cohesion.

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