India’s Earthquake Vulnerability: Ranking Seventh Worldwide in Major Seismic Events
A powerful earthquake of 7.1 magnitude struck Bihar, India, on January 7, 2025, following a series of tremors in southern Tibet. India ranks seventh among countries with the most significant earthquakes (58) between 1990 and 2024. China leads with 186 major earthquakes, followed by Indonesia with 166. Approximately 59% of India’s land area is at risk of earthquakes, particularly in the Himalayan region, necessitating improved disaster preparedness strategies.
As the year 2025 commenced, southern Tibet experienced a series of earthquakes, impacting northern India significantly, particularly in Bihar, where a notable earthquake of 7.1 magnitude occurred. This earthquake, which took place on January 7 at 6:35 am, was the most powerful in the region since the devastating 2015 Nepal earthquake, which resulted in nearly 10,000 deaths. Asian countries are generally susceptible to earthquakes, with China and Indonesia leading in seismic activity, while Japan has recorded the highest frequency of earthquakes globally.
In a detailed assessment from 1990 to early 2024, China was identified as the country experiencing the most major earthquakes, with 186 significant seismic events causing damage exceeding one million dollars, 10 or more fatalities, or reaching a magnitude of 7.5. Indonesia followed closely with 166 major earthquakes, while Iran, Japan, and the United States filled the next ranks. India, with a tally of 58 significant earthquakes, is the seventh most earthquake-prone nation in the world. This susceptibility stems from its unique geological attributes and population density, compounded by unregulated construction practices.
The country’s vulnerability is exemplified by the Himalayan region, where powerful earthquakes exceeding magnitude 8.0 pose a significant risk. Notable earthquakes in this region reflect its seismic unrest, including events from 1897, 1905, 1934, and 1950. Significant portions of Indian land, about 59%, are at risk of experiencing moderate to severe earthquakes, highlighting the urgent need for preparedness and effective construction regulations.
Earthquakes are frequent in several Asian countries due to their geographical locations along tectonic plate boundaries. The analysis provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) underscores the destructive potential of seismic events on human life and property. India, with its unique geographical challenges, is ranked seventh in vulnerability to earthquakes. With a substantial portion of its land susceptible to significant seismic activity, understanding the historical context of quakes in the region can aid in developing better mitigation strategies.
In summary, the recent earthquake developments near the Nepal border have underscored India’s vulnerability to seismic activity. Ranking seventh globally in the number of major earthquakes from 1990 to early 2024 emphasizes the need for robust preparedness measures. As the country continues to grow, particularly in earthquake-prone regions, addressing the risks through stricter construction guidelines and public awareness will be critical for minimizing future devastation.
Original Source: indianexpress.com
